We all started as one cell. With time, our cells split and began to specialize, some cells becoming the building blocks of the heart, others of the brain, and others of the skin. Scientists are trying to discover how it is that cells learn their identity and become specialized in their structure and purpose.
This, called stem cell research, is important research for understanding disease. Many diseases come from malfunction in the processes of cell development and specialization. Stem cell research is promising for common diseases like heart disease, Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons, diabetes, spinal cord injuries and cancer.
Leading research institutes around the world are focusing resources on stem cell research, as it is so promising for taking medicine to a new level.
“The future of medicine lies in understanding how the body creates itself out of a single cell and the mechanisms by which it renews itself throughout life,” says the Stanford School of Medicine Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.
The cells of the body are constantly replacing themselves. Our skin regenerates itself entirely every seven days. Our skeleton replaces itself every seven years.
Understanding the mechanisms at play in this regeneration is the subject of many studies,
and the hope of many medical specialists. Some are discovering how diseases develop through stem cells, while others are finding ways that stem cells produced in a lab could repair or replace organs.
Therapies already established
Bone marrow transplants are commonly performed all over the world. This procedure puts healthy blood-forming stem cells into a patient’s body to replace diseased or damaged ones. This allows the patient’s body to make enough white and red blood cells (platelets), so the body can better fight infection, anemia and bleeding.
Bone marrow transplants are often used in patients who’ve undergone treatment for
leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma or sickle cell anemia.
Scientists are researching ways to make bone marrow transplants safer and more effective.
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